The three most popular theories include an Igbo origin, Ibibio origin and Palestinian origin. Several accounts have been given on the migration from Creek town to Obutong. Ekpe is a mysterious spirit who is supposed to live in the jungle and to preside at the ceremonies of the society. For the surname, see, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Art and Life in Africa: Eket Information" University of Iowa, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekpe&oldid=1101939539, This page was last edited on 2 August 2022, at 15:27. Charles Ekpo Arthur Jarvis University, Akpabuyo, Nigeria The Cross River region is a vast socio-cultural mosaic which accommodates peoples of distinct ethnic, religious, social, economic and. Archaeological evidence found that the group was extremely advanced in education for its time, and headed the construction of the Valley of the Kings. Laws were passed to halt several practices regarded as unchristian. [82] The Portuguese are said to have arrived in masted ships. Free masons were originally an ancient Egyptian fraternity of builders, with Imhotep, as their founder and chief sculptor. Ekpe society was the first tribe to come up with this design and archaeologists have found traces of this fabric even in southwestern Cameroon. I Am Niki Buroro Agbor Ekpe Jerome a holder of a professional Masters in Forestry and wildlife Engineering with focus on Protected Area Management, Masters of Science in Forest Governance and policies from University of Dschang and Professional Masters in Environmental Science (ESIA) university of Yaounde 1. Welcome to brotherhood Illuminati where you can becomerich famous and popular and your life story we be changetotally my name is Dan Jerry I am here to share mytestimony on how I join the great brotherhood Illuminatiand my life story was change immediately . Aye in 2000 does not mention the Efut as being the primary occupants. Living in what is now Southeast Nigeria and Southwest Cameroon, the people were physically divided by British and German colonial holdings in Africa. The ekpe society has spawned a large number of Nsbd . [11] The last three clans had greatly dwindled in number and many of their members are believed to have been miscegenated into other Efik clans. Ekpe" which literally means Lion, is a traditional secret society originated from the Ekoi tribe in Cross River State. Corrections? Instead, each settlement had its own lodge of the initiation society called kp, or "leopard," which was the highest indigenous authority. Sunjata's half-brother, Dankaran Touman, enrages Sunjata and nearly causes civil war by: murdering an innocent young man, thinking he is Sunjata. [51] The Enwang people moved to the present site of Henshaw town.[51]. LEFT Ekpe cage during Ikot Ekpe ritual in 2009. During the colonial era, The Efik language was the only language taught in schools in many parts of the present-day Cross River and Akwa Ibom state. They came from Mbiak Creek in Ibibio country. [32] Oku adds that the Uruan were adverse to the Efik custom of burying strangers with their dead and did not share in the practice carried out by the Efik. [33][34] Abasi is said to have borrowed an axe from an Uruan woman and had broken the axe. "[20] [37] A captured invader confessed that they were set to retrieve royal emblems which they believed the Efik had taken with them when they left Uruan. In such cases, the Ekpe Society is seen as the . Another theory which is narrated by Forde and Jones states that the name "Efik" translates to "Tyrants" or "He who oppresses" and was the name of which the Efik called themselves after they had settled at Creek town.[12]. Aye provides the following names among these priest-kings including Ema Atai Iboku, Ekpe Atai Iboku, Ukpong Atai Iboku. [53] It was common for Efik traders to take up trading names during the period of the transatlantic slave trade. The practice and display of Ekpe masquerade have been modified. 16, 2014 3 likes 6,498 views Download Now Download to read offline Education Spiritual Technology A short description of the ancient Ekpe Masquerade and its cultural and spiritual significance, in the life of the people of the Cross River basin. ekpe society cameroonworld market toblerone. The island is believed to be named after a fisherman from Mbiabo known as Ene Ankot. Mr. . In Amos Tutuola's The Palm-Wine Drinkard, the narrator leaves his home and begins his adventure in the bush when: In the excerpt that we read from The Palm-Wine Drinkard, the narrator and his wife encounter: In the Song of Lawino, by Okot p'Bitek, a woman speaks to: Lawino's husband's new wife is called _______________________(Either of two possible answers) in the text. [34], On leaving the Uruan country, the Efik migrated to Ikpa Ene which is nicknamed Akani Obio Efik(English: Old Efik island). This is: After his "second birth", Waiyaki is brought to a sacred grove where: After the episode in the sacred grove, Waiyaki disappears from his home to: The two daughters of Joshua, Nyambura and Muthoni, have both been forbidden by their father to: Waiyaki tries to heal the conflict between the two ridges by: Waiyaki fails to achieve his goals because: The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Edge Reading, Writing and Language: Level C, David W. Moore, Deborah Short, Michael W. Smith. Here is a list of some of Africa's most prominent cults of all time: The Ekpe is a secret society that lives mostly in Nigeria and whose members are typically law enforcers and politicians. National Museum of African American History and Culture. Several periods have been estimated by foreign scholars and indigenous historians. cherryblossom wrote on watzinaname's profile. Aye dates the arrival of the Efik in Creek Town to the fourteenth century. Prior to the arrival of the missionaries in 1846, many Efik traders were fluent in English and a number of African and European languages. In its vastness, the Ekpe is a well structured society with semi-caste characteristics, in that, there are categories and titles which one may qualify to be initiated into, while others are strictly reserved for persons of certain status and backgrounds. These Ngolo created the Ekpe society and invented the Nsibidi writing system in Usakadet (Isangele). [51] When the twins were older, they left for the opposite end of the island to Duke town. These they handcuffed, brought down to the canoes, and so proceeded up the river, till they got to the amount of 45, with whom they returned to New town, where sending to the captains of the shipping, they divided them among the ships.[56]. Long time we no look Man-of-War as Blount promise one Frenchman come make plenty palaver for slave when we can't get them. They are well respected agents of wealth distribution in the community.. Membership in the Ekpe (Egbo), or Leopard, society, for example, available to wealthy men who can meet the expense involved, confers high social status and political authority; these men participate in ceremonies concerned with ancestral spirits and are believed to protect the community through magic and religious ritual. They use a variety of masks to execute social control. Copyright Dr. Ivor L. Miller. Hugh, Goldie. Sisiku Ojong-Orock was born on Saturday October 2nd, 1948 in Ogomoko Village,Eyumojock Sub-Division, Manyu Division in the Republic of Cameroon, West Africa. They give me thesum of $1,200,000 and many thing. During weddings, the bride wears at least two different nyny. Festival organised by Global Music Exchange (ht. Now we can't sell slaves again we must have too much man for country; and want something for make work and trade, and if we could get seed for cotton and coffee we could make trade. It may not display this or other websites correctly. [52] On the death of Chief Willy Tom Robins, a number of rituals were performed. There is not even one single manyangero mentioned on all the write up on any of the ekpe/mgbe stories. a king whose attempts to have a special son lead him to make bargains with one Islamic missionary and two noble travelers. Other narratives at the Hart's enquiry do not make mention of the Efut. [32] Aye argues that the Efik could not have taken the royal emblem of the Uruan people as they would have already had their own royal emblem. It has a variety of different characters and is indigenous to areas of Southeastern Nigeria and . The Efik are an ethnic group located primarily in southern Nigeria, and western Cameroon. According to Historians, this technique of indigo-dyeing was developed in the Dogon kingdom in Mali (West Africa) dating back to the 11th century. The Ekoi in Cameroon are found in the South Western region of the count. Ekpe Efik was used as a government instrument in Bakassi in exercising authority for more than 200 years ago [4]. The traditional attire for men usually consists of a white long-sleeved shirt, a long broad soft neckerchief or scarf of costly material (Efik: kpmkpm) and a wrapper tied around the waist (Efik: Usobo).[83]. [26] At Uruan, they were ruled by a number of priest-kings Ndidem. History The Ekoi people, while all speaking the same language, have not tended to live in complete unison. All willing to engage respectfully are welcome. The ekpo masquerade, occurring to the south and east of Benin, is performed by the warrior age group in ceremonies to purify the village ritually and to maintain health. nineteenth centuries, no large kingdoms controlled Nigeria and Cameroon's multilingual Cross River basin. One of the most important castes in this society is the jeli caste. The Ekpe society had become, by the time Antera Duke began his diary in 1785, the Efik's primary socio-political institution. [47], By the seventeenth century, more Efik settlements had been founded. There are said to be at least three mass migration from Ndodoghi. Cameroon with the Ekpe cult. One theory propounded by Okon and Nkpanam Ekereke asserts that the term "Efuk" was a word of defiance and an expression used by the Ibibio man when in a fit of rage. Their king on the eastern Calabar coast was known as Ating Anua Efiom. Some other clothings introduced into the market include smit, brutanya, isadh and nkisi. Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as messengers of the ancestors (ikan). [45] What is most certain is that the Efik arrived Creek Town led by Edidem Eyo Ema Atai together with Oku Atai Atai Ema Atai, Ukpong Atai Atai Ema Atai, Adim Atai Atai Ema Atai, Efiom Ekpo Efiom Ekpo and several others. Ethnographic - (Mask, Elephant, Cape, Chicken Feather); Elephant Mask with Chicken Feather Cape, Bekom People, Cameroon. In the culture we have discussed, the term badenya refers to: the relationship between the mother and child, and full siblings - implying closeness, trust, cooperation, unselfishness, and acceptance of rules. They are well respected agents of wealth distribution in the community. cherryblossom wrote on WARRIOR's profile. At its peak, it permeated the social, economic and political life of the Efiks but lately its dominance has been eroded as urbanization and modern political administration expanded. According to Parker, When there, Dick Ebro' asking him to go to war with him, he complied, and accordingly having sitted out and armed the canoes, they went up the river, lying under the bushes in the day when they came near a village; and at night flying up to the village, and taking hold of every one they could see. There are several theories regarding the origin of the Efik people. The instruments above are particularly important to our study of the Sunjata because: they are the traditional instruments of the jeliw who tell the story in public performance. The Ekpe society, the regulatory society in Manyu Division also fixed a heavy fine on any defaulter. [52] A number of people were hanged, shot and buried with the late chief according to the custom. Efik populations are found in the following regions: Secret societies aided in the maintaining of law and order at Old Calabar. The Ekpe Society. [79] Ikpaya a royal type of gown also made from raffia. There are two distinct but related societies. [41] Latham hypothesizes that the Efik may have arrived before the middle of the seventeenth century. She or he is a random of nature, a result of mixed up and confused spiritual genetics. Barbot documents that between 1698 and 1699, payments for provisions were made at Calabar to the following chiefs; Duke Aphrom, King Robin, Mettinon, King Ebrero, King John, King Oyo, William King Agbisherea, Robin King Agbisherea, and Old King Robin. [40] "Egbo" redirects here. The Ekale and their famous shaking shoulders performing at the "Under the Volcano Festival", Limbe Cameroon. A delegation of kp 'leopard' society initiates, as well as family members, traveled from Mamfe, Manyu Division of southwest Cameroon, to Yaound, the Cameroon capital to honor and reclaim the body of their leader and father, who had recently transited to the ancestors. Ukara cloth also consecrates the interior of Ekpe lodges, where larger versions of the cloth hang as backdrops. These missionaries together with King Eyo Honesty II brought several changes to Old Calabar society. After the decline of the slave trade, the Efik transitioned into the business of exporting palm oil from the Cross river. Goldie describes Eburutu as a country that consists of various ethnic groups. The Ekpo society uses black masks, often of naturalistic appearance and with movable jaws, to maintain social order and propitiate the ancestors; some of these masks represent disease and deformity. Infact; there can be no-gainsay of the USAK-EDET People (ISANGELE) being the originators of this highly acclaimed Ekpe Society that the EFIKS, led by EFFA EFFIWAT later on used in subduing their subjects of EFUTS, (i.e. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Okoho Efiom bore the twins at Nsutana and raised them up for years. Miller's current book, Voice of the Leopard (UP of Mississippi, 2008), documents the little known history of the Cuban Abaku, a mutual-aid institution derived from the Ekpe (leopard) society of the Cross River region of Nigeria and Cameroon. The Efik Language and Its Future. [51] Due to the custom of killing twins, Edem Efiom is said to have aided Okoho Efiom in sneaking out of Creek town to Nsutana. The economics of the society is based on paying tribute to the village ancestors. Sunjata's sister, Kolonkan, angers her younger brother Manding Bori when she: uses her powers to take the internal organs from animals he and his brothers killed, without cutting the animals open. Due to the number of unfortunate incidents at Ikpa Ene and Ndodoghi, the Efik sought to leave these islands. Historians and archaeologists have worked to piece together the human story from prehistory up to today. While their political authority is largely diminished today, Ekpe membership is still prestigious and the society continues to be a unifying force among the Ejagham, Igbo, Efik, Ibibio, and other cultural groups in the Cross River region. [69] The Ekpe spirit cannot be seen by the uninitiated and is represented by Idem Iquo, a masquerade dressed in Esk, a multicoloured costume decorated with other traditional accoutrements. expectations of the members to prioritize the group over their own families. Have you ever thought about starting a secret society? Google Scholar Aye, E. A. They migrated from Bateka and settled in their current location in flight. In his well researched thesis titled "Ekpe Imperium in South Eastern Nigeria", Anwana (2002) identified a plenitude of evidences to validate the Ejagham/Ekoi origins of the Ekpe society. Hall Fund. In the case of the latter, in the heat of the confusion, villagers would be kidnapped and sent to Calabar were they were sold. Efik traders played a major role during the era of the Transatlantic slave trade. Osirica brotherhood is the root of all the mason societies, dating back around 2300 B.C. As Sidney Kasfir has pointed to (in reference to the Ekpe society in southeastern Nigeria and adjoining Cameroon), material, performative, and ritual structures in masking are not fused together but can be used to different ends and can travel different paths ( Kasfir 2019: 15). Another account from the Qua claimed that Ekpe (Mgbe) migrated from Cameroon. Enyi laja na lasha b nyeere ha aka idi nsogbu nd baara ha. The Osirica is a black Egyptian masonic order that existed in ancient Egypt. [61] One of such letters written by King Eyamba V and the chiefs of Old Calabar states: Now we settle treaty for not sell slave, I must tell you something, I want your Queen to do for we. In The River Between, Waiyaki's father, Chege, is: The new, white man's religion is represented by the: Early in the story, Waiyaki undergoes his "second birth". [40] The outcome of the fall of the tree led to several deaths in their clan. The Neegee is a cannibalistic group that feeds on human flesh to satisfy their God, and to gain power from that God. The Efik also manufacture a number of beverages such as Mmn Efik (Palm wine), Uffp (Native gin), Lemon grass tea (Nnyannyaa), Mmn Eyop (Eyop wine). "[35] Simmons assertion which was made in his 1958 dissertation is similarly reiterated at the Hart's enquiry in 1964 by chiefs such as Chief Efiom Obo Effanga of Obutong. ekpe society cameroon. This created a need for Ekpe DC to have a full Ayamba Nkanda (Nkanda Chief). Efik names were often anglicised to gain the trust of European traders. The cloth is traditionally used as either a wrapper, worn by high- ranking members of Ekpe group who often . One of Thompson's pupils, Ivor Miller, has now produced a noteworthy study, concentrating specifically on one particular secret society, Ekpe, of the Cross River region of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon; its transfiguration on Cuban soil into the Abakua society; and the ensuing effect of Abakua in shaping all aspects of the . The Efik language was also spoken in several communities in Western Cameroon. [77] Women wore a number of brass rings on their legs and arms. The images, ideology, and secrecy associated with kp have been studied for more than one hundred years, and yet crucial features of the history of kp and its transformation have been neglected. Although Duke town is believed to have been occupied since the 15th century by the Enwang, it was not until the 17th century that the Efiom Ekpo families moved in large waves to the site. She said as a member of the Ekpe Society of the Efiks, she participates in the Ekpe activities. It is also found among a number of other ethnic groups, including the Bahumono of the Cross River State, the Ibibio, the Uruan and the Oron of Akwa Ibom State, Arochukwu and some other parts of Abia State, as well as in the diaspora, such as in Cuba and Brazil. The article was a not-so-deep exploration of indigenous African writing systems and languages. Ikpaya is now worn by an Obong-elect during the traditional coronation ceremony. The area from which the Sunjata Epic comes was historically: the geographical location of the great medieval African kingdoms - Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. [11] The bulk of the Enwang and Usukakpa are located in the present-day Akwa Ibom state. I'm a queer mom and my daughter has decided to attend an anti-gay Bible college. Here's a look inside. . (a) What are the Clowns trying to accomplish in this scene? Ekpe translates to Leopard in the Efik language and is believed to be a spirit that resides in the forest. After World War II, a movement called the _____ Movement was founded by such writers as Leopold Sedar Senghor and Leon Damas, to support using Western literary forms, while writing in African languages. Ndibo Yevengo- Abakua & Ekpe events; Cuba-Calabar Radio . [9][38] The Adiabo group is believed to have left to their present location after the Mbiabo exodus. Only males can join, boys being initiated about the age of puberty. the Ekpe society. [38] It is believed that it was at Ndodoghi that many of the Abayen clan had died from crocodile attacks. Talbot asserts that a great cotton tree had fallen down on many of the Abayen and in their pride of numbers, they believed they could hold the cotton tree. [68] The society is believed to have been introduced in Calabar from Usahadet. LEFT Ezillo man drawing a grid pattern to be filled with nsibidi designs, Ezillo, southeastern Nigeria. The society is not a 'secret society or a cult,'3 what is secret is the representations of its emblem in material symbol - the ekpe stone and the nsibidi (sign language). The dress is often worn with ornaments such as necklaces and earrings made of coral beads. Photo by Eli Bentor. We are about loving, encouraging, embracing, teaching, and building with black people. ukara: Ritual Cloth of the Ekpe Society features the ukara cloth, a composite signifier of authority, prestige, sacrality, difference, and social mobility in the Ekpe secret society in the Cross river basin encompassing southeastern Nigeria and parts of Cameroon. [34] When the Uruan woman realised that Abasi had broken her axe, she insisted that the axe should be repaired. The Internet has shone light on manysecret societies, rendering them not so secret. Plenty sugar cane live here and if some man must come for teach book proper, and make all men saby God like white man, and then we go on for same fashion. . The Efik speak the Efik language which is a member of the Benue -Congo subfamily of the Niger - Congo language group. through the Illuminati Iwas able to become rich, and have many industry on myown and become famous and popular in my country , todayme and my family is living happily and I am the mosthappiest man here is the opportunity for you to join theIlluminati and become rich and famous in life and be likeother people and you life we be change totally.If you areinterested in joining the great brotherhood Illuminati.thencontact him +2348106618681 or for more information +1(705)8062021 email:illuminatibrotherpowerful@gmail.com or you need my assistance email:danjerry04@gmail.com Shame to the Manyu people and great men o Manyu, that you as enlightened as I know will willfully distort a tradition that back dates as long as 400 to 800hundred.
Suspicious Antwerp Password, The Spring League Players, Ashley Foster Missing 1997, Covid Sick Pay Illinois 2022, Raf Leeming Married Quarters, Articles E