[8]:455 Sometimes sitting governments will attach a vote of no confidence clause to a piece of legislation they want passed, effectively tying the survival of the government on the piece of legislation. Another controversial dictator is General Augusto Pinochet (1915-2006) of Chile. It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east; Iran in the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan in the north; and China in the far northeast. [123] The form of government does not correlate with the amount of economic growth, and dictatorships on average grow at the same rate as democracies, though dictatorships have been found to have larger fluctuations. Deadliest Dictator Regimes in History Maoist Catastrophe Between 1946 and 1976, China suffered under the rule of Mao Zedong, a communist revolutionary who founded the People's Republic of China. Other factors associated with military coups include extensive natural resources, limited use of the military internationally, and use of the military as an oppressive force domestically. [9] Political philosopher Hannah Arendt describes totalitarianism as a new and extreme form of dictatorship composed of "atomized, isolated individuals" in which ideology plays a leading role in defining how the entire society should be organized. Duterte is the perfect example of a . Dictatorship - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Dictators are usually backed (especially financially) by groups of powerful people. 10 Dictators Who Were Surprisingly Good - Unbelievable Facts Those against dictatorship say personal rights are severely restricted, the system is generally based on force and violence, and it demands complete obedience. The number of countries ruled by military dictatorships began to fall sharply after the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s. and "Which country has a dictatorship as its form of leadership?" The relations between the countries were strained by Soviet attempts to influence Yugoslavia, leading to the TitoStalin split in 1948. [60] During the L dynasty of Vietnam between the 16th and 18th centuries, the country was under de facto military rule by two rival military families: the Trnh lords in the north and the Nguyn lords in the south. However, since they might also give up power willingly, the regime is marked with a type II value to signal potential classification errors where a democratic regime may be falsely classified as dictatorship. Dictatorship Countries And Their Leaders - YouTube ", "The Cromwellian Protectorate: A Military Dictatorship? REUTERS/Myo Kyaw Soe. [87] Populist movements were strengthened following the economic turmoil of the Great Depression, producing populist dictatorships in several Latin American countries. But to understand the dictatorship in Cuba . Obiang's regime is known for state-sanctioned kidnappings, torture of prisoners, and unlawful killings. The power structures of dictatorships vary, and different definitions of dictatorship consider different elements of this structure. [40] Personalist dictatorships often collapse with the death of the dictator. [59] Shoguns were de facto military dictators in Japan beginning in 1185 and continuing for over six hundred years. Photo: Lars Klove. However, many people in long-running dictatorships such as North Korea and Cameroon have never experienced anything else, so living in a dictatorship is much less jarring and shocking to them. They are often unstable, and the average duration of a military dictatorship is only five years, but they are often followed by additional military coups and military dictatorships. At the onset of the so-called "third wave" of democracy in 1978, the only democratic regimes were Costa Rica, Colombia and Venezuela. [48], An absolute monarchy is a monarchy in which the monarch rules without legal limitations. [79] Fascism developed in Europe as a rejection of liberalism, socialism, and modernism, and the first fascist political parties formed in the 1920s. [111][112][113] Latin America saw a period of liberalization similar to that of Europe at the end of the Cold War, with Cuba being the only Latin American country that did not experience any degree of liberalization between 1992 and 2010. Whether or not Putin is a dictator is a matter of some debate. There are currently 22 dictators in Africa, some worse than others. In the United Kingdom, for example, the chief executive is the prime minister, and the ministers are the heads of the executive departments, which together compose the government. A totalitarian government has "total control of mass communications and social and economic organizations". [8]:457 Elected heads of state are usually referred to as "president." [28] Due to the structure of their leadership, one-party dictatorships are significantly less likely to face civil conflict, insurgency, or terrorism than other forms of dictatorship. Most caudillos came from a military background, and their rule was typically associated with pageantry and glamor. People who are for dictatorship say it provides for a more stable government, helps abolish corruption, and is more efficient in emergencies. [88] European fascism was imported to Latin America as well, and the Vargas Era of Brazil was heavily influenced by the corporatism practiced in fascist Italy. Even in today's modern world, where freedom is prized and respected, you will still find examples of dictatorship governments around the globe. Sudan - 1989 to 2019 - Omar al-Bashir. The Soviet economy became unsustainable, and communist governments lost the support of intellectuals. #SOSCuba. Current dictatorships include Russia, Equatorial New Guinea, and North Korea. Many countries which are seen as otherwise democratic are dictatorships because there has yet to be an alternation in power since their incumbent government has never lost an election. Poverty alleviation in these 10 dictatorship countries is in some cases associated with human rights abuses, violent crackdowns on the political opposition and indigenous people. (Image Wikipedia) Electoral process and pluralism: 0.00. One of the reasons for this is the fact that the military often has more cohesion and institutional structure than most of the civilian institutions of society. Democracies are classified by the rules in which executives can be appointed or removed and can be either presidential, mixed or semi-presidential, or parliamentary. The authors acknowledged that the last rule is more complicated to implement, but stated that it helps researchers to control potential errors and removes subjective judgement from the classification. The rights of the people are typically suppressed in a dictatorship, sometimes to a great degree. Coercive distribution comprises of distributing welfare and state resources to control citizens and elites. Dictators typically retain their power by silencing any opposition to their rulings and guidelines. Syria - Well, it depends. The legislature must be popularly elected. People living under a dictatorship are often persecuted for unethical reasons, including their religion, sexual orientation, or economic status. Most of them are characterized by a single leader with either no party or one that is weak. Elections allow a dictatorship to exercise some control over the opposition by setting the terms under which the opposition challenges the regime. The Freedom in the World report evaluates the state of freedom in 195 countries and 14 territories, assigning a score between 0 and 4 in a series of 25 indicators to give a final score of 100. Van den Bosch, Jeroen J. J., Personalist Rule in Africa and Other World Regions, (London-New York: Routledge, 2021): 13-16, wave of left-wing revolutionary movements, List of countries by system of government, "Review: Totalitarianism, Social Science, and the Margins", "Generals, Dictators, and Kings: Authoritarian Regimes and Civil Conflict, 19732004", "Elites, Single Parties and Political Decision-making in Fascist-era Dictatorships", "Theories of dictatorships: sub-types and explanations", "Personalization of Power and Repression in Dictatorships", "The Tyranny of Dictatorship: When the Greek Tyrant Met the Roman Dictator", "The Five Ancient Criteria of Democracy: The Apotheosis of Equality", "When was the title Dictator perpetuus given to Caesar? Personalist dictators may be members of the military or leaders of a political party, but neither the military nor the party exercises power independently from the dictator. Adolf Hitler: 14 most cruel dictators Benito Mussolini: 14 most cruel dictators Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924): 14 most cruel dictators Joseph Stalin: 14 most cruel dictators Mao Zedong or Mao or Mao Tse Tung: 14 most cruel dictators Muammar Gaddafi: 14 most cruel dictators Idi Amin (1920-2003): 14 most cruel dictators 3. Some of the most famous dictators in history include, of course, Adolf Hitler, Chancellor of Nazi Germany from 1933-1945, Benito Mussolini, ruler of fascist Italy from 1922-1945, and Joseph Stalin,. Repression can encompass actual or threatened physical violence such as arrests, assassinations, torture, beatings, disappearances, mass killings, and forced exile. Like the two individuals above, Imelda Marcos gained her power through being the wife of a military dictator. Members of the group will typically make up the elites in a dictator's inner circle at the beginning of a new dictatorship, though the dictator may remove them as a means to gain additional power. (2010), and further developed and maintained by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland (2009). Political control is any tactic through which the state seeks to gain compliance from society. The group may be military or political, it may be organized or disorganized, and it may disproportionately represent a certain demographic. Skyline of Downtown Dubai with Burj Khalifa from a Helicopter. He all but eradicated corruption. [91], The Chinese Civil War ended in 1949, splitting the Republic of China under Chiang Kai-shek and the People's Republic of China under Mao Zedong. The African Dictators | Africa Facts Marxist one-party states are sometimes distinguished from other one-party states, but they function similarly. 1. Giving ultimate power and control to just one person is not ideal, as it can lead to future unrest and problems. Francois Duvalier (1907 - 1971) The Haitian dictator, also known as Papa Doc, governed the Americas' poorest country from 1957 to he died in 1971. [116] Dictatorships in the Middle East are primarily guided by Islamic nationalism.
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