View abstract. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002;13:708-14.. View abstract. L-carnitine is technically FDA-approved for just one use: treating carnitine deficiency. View abstract. Other drugs may interact with levocarnitine, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Dutta, A., Ray, K., Singh, V. K., Vats, P., Singh, S. N., and Singh, S. B. L-carnitine supplementation attenuates intermittent hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and delays muscle fatigue in rats. 1979;43(2):300-306. Weschler A, Aviram M, Levin M, Better OS, Brook JG "High dose of L-carnitine increases platelet aggregation and plasma triglyceride levels in uremic patients on hemodialysis." View abstract. J Clin Lipidology 2012;6:150-158. View abstract. Kidney Int 1990;38:912-8. Ann N.Y.Acad.Sci 2004;1033:168-176. Nilsson-Ehle, P., Cederblad, G., Fagher, B., Monti, M., and Thysell, H. Plasma lipoproteins, liver function and glucose metabolism in haemodialysis patients: lack of effect of L-carnitine supplementation. Propionyl-L-carnitine: Studies have shown that propionyl-L-carnitine combined with Viagra might improve erectile function better than sildenafil alone. J Pharm Sci 1995;84(5):627-633. J Ren Nutr 1998;8:118-21. Effect of L-carnitine in patients with asthenospermia. When taken by mouth: L-carnitine is likely safe when taken for up to 12 months. Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Hooshmand, S., Balakrishnan, A., Clark, R. M., Owen, K. Q., Koo, S. I., and Arjmandi, B. H. Dietary l-carnitine supplementation improves bone mineral density by suppressing bone turnover in aged ovariectomized rats. Malaguarnera, M., Vacante, M., Motta, M., Giordano, M., Malaguarnera, G., Bella, R., Nunnari, G., Rampello, L., and Pennisi, G. Acetyl-L-carnitine improves cognitive functions in severe hepatic encephalopathy: a randomized and controlled clinical trial. Speak with a healthcare provider to find out what dose might be best for a specific condition. Rolim LC, da Silva EM, Flumignan RL, Abreu MM, Dib SA. Carnosine is found throughout your body. 2007;86(1):31-34. View abstract. One interesting observation is that ingestion of CoQ10 late in the evening might cause insomnia 15 and this may be due to increased energy levels. Functional characteristics and tissue distribution pattern of organic cation transporter 2 (OCTN2), an organic cation/carnitine transporter. 2008;25(8):734-743. L-carnitine improves glucose disposal in type 2 diabetic patients. Waldner, R., Laschan, C., Lohninger, A., Gessner, M., Tuchler, H., Huemer, M., Spiegel, W., and Karlic, H. Effects of doxorubicin-containing chemotherapy and a combination with L-carnitine on oxidative metabolism in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Dietary supplements for erectile dysfunction: A natural treatment for Cardiologia 1989;34(7):651-655. View abstract. Bijarnia, S., Wiley, V., Carpenter, K., Christodoulou, J., Ellaway, C. J., and Wilcken, B. Glutaric aciduria type I: outcome following detection by newborn screening. Early Hum.Dev. Carlsson, M., Forsberg, E., and Thorne, A. Observations during L-carnitine infusion in two long-term critically ill patients. Jeulin C, Lewin LM. View abstract. L-Carnitine Benefits, Side Effects & Dosage - SelfHacked View abstract. View abstract. Tanner, L. M., Nanto-Salonen, K., Rashed, M. S., Kotilainen, S., Aalto, M., Venetoklis, J., Niinikoski, H., Huoponen, K., and Simell, O. Carnitine deficiency and L-carnitine supplementation in lysinuric protein intolerance. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Ovidius University Annals, Physical Education and Sport/Science, Movement and Health Series 2010;10(Suppl 2):504-507. View abstract. 2011;22(6):1155-1159. View abstract. Baudouin C, Labb A, Liang H, Pauly A, Brignole-Baudouin F. Preservatives in eyedrops: the good, the bad and the ugly. Schweiz.Med Wochenschr 9-12-1992;122(37):1352-1355. View abstract. FDA. J Intern Med 1993;233:94. Fundam.Clin Pharmacol 2011;25(5):642-651. De Vecchi, A. F., Arduini, A., Di, Liberato L., and Bonomini, M. [L-carnitine in peritoneal dialysis]. View abstract. Zwickler, T., Lindner, M., Aydin, H. I., Baumgartner, M. R., Bodamer, O. View abstract. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol. However, there were some mild side effects, including nausea and stomach discomfort (24, 58). Paediatr Drugs. These bacteria digest L-carnitine and turn it into a compound called trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Systematic review of pharmacological treatments in fragile X syndrome. Borghi-Silva, A., Baldissera, V., Sampaio, L. M., Pires-DiLorenzo, V. A., Jamami, M., Demonte, A., Marchini, J. S., and Costa, D. L-carnitine as an ergogenic aid for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease submitted to whole-body and respiratory muscle training programs. Genger, H., Enzelsberger, H., and Salzer, H. [Carnitine in therapy of placental insufficiency--initial experiences]. 2010;29(4):312-34. Ann Neurol 1994;36:680-1. Holzhauer, P. Casuistry: medical nutrition intervention with specific micronutrient and exercise therapy in pancreatic cancer. 2010;16(5):420-422. Acta Cardiol. Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Drugs Exp Clin Res 1990;16:101-6. De Pasquale, B., Righetti, G., and Menotti, A. View abstract. Association of L- carnitine, propafenone and mexiletine]. Ross, C., Morriss, A., Khairy, M., Khalaf, Y., Braude, P., Coomarasamy, A., and El-Toukhy, T. A systematic review of the effect of oral antioxidants on male infertility. 12-20-2008;23(6):571-585. 1996;208(3):129-134. Nephron 38 (1984): 120-4, 6. Phytomedicine. View abstract. View abstract. Mate, A., Miguel-Carrasco, J. L., Monserrat, M. T., and Vazquez, C. M. Systemic antioxidant properties of L-carnitine in two different models of arterial hypertension. Novel and emerging treatments for autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review. Corsi, C., Pollastri, M., Marrapodi, E., Leanza, D., Giordano, S., and D'Iddio, S. L-propionylcarnitine effect on postexercise and postischemic hyperemia in patients affected by peripheral vascular disease. Report of one case]. Cuturic, M., Abramson, R. K., Moran, R. R., and Hardin, J. W. Clinical outcomes and low-dose levocarnitine supplementation in psychiatric inpatients with documented hypocarnitinemia: a retrospective chart review. View abstract. Although dosage varies from study to study, here is an overview of the use and dose for each form: Up to 2,000 mg (2 grams) per day seems safe and effective in the long term. Oral carnitine supplementation reduces body weight and insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. 2017;3:CD009374. Segura-Bruna, N., Rodriguez-Campello, A., Puente, V., and Roquer, J. Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy. View abstract. 1. Bloomer, R. J., Farney, T. M., Trepanowski, J. F., McCarthy, C. G., Canale, R. E., and Schilling, B. K. Comparison of pre-workout nitric oxide stimulating dietary supplements on skeletal muscle oxygen saturation, blood nitrate/nitrite, lipid peroxidation, and upper body exercise performance in resistance trained men. View abstract. J Inherit.Metab Dis 2006;29(2-3):288-298. Vasc.Med 2012;17(3):145-154. Efficacy of L-carnitine and propranolol in the management of acute theophylline toxicity. Carnosine supplements are available as powders and capsules. Eidi, M., Pouyan, O., Shahmohammadi, P., Saeidi, H., Bahar, M., and Eidi, A. 9 Acetyl-L-Carnitine Benefits + Dosage & Side Effects - SelfHacked Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004;1033:30-41. Nikolaos, S., George, A., Telemachos, T., Maria, S., Yannis, M., and Konstantinos, M. Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on red blood cells deformability in hemodialysis patients. View abstract. Am.J Clin Oncol. 1989;4(5):366-371. L-Carnitine supplementation in older women. Lion's mane mushrooms may offer a number of health benefits. J Pediatr.Gastroenterol.Nutr. It is used for weight loss and may have an impact on brain function. Young, P., Finn, B. C., Alvarez, F., Bruetman, J. E., and Trimarchi, H. [Valproate-associated hyperammonemic encephalopathy. 2011;18(1):18-22. Pregnancy-related changes of carnitine and acylcarnitine concentrations of plasma and erythrocytes. Available for Android and iOS devices. NAC: The Amino Acid That Turns Psychiatry on Its Head Opala G, Winter S, Vance C, et al. The effect of enteral carnitine administration in humans. J Clin Rheumatol. Horvath, G. A., Davidson, A. G., Stockler-Ipsiroglu, S. G., Lillquist, Y. P., Waters, P. J., Olpin, S., Andresen, B. S., Palaty, J., Nelson, J., and Vallance, H. Newborn screening for MCAD deficiency: experience of the first three years in British Columbia, Canada. L-carnitine is best known as a fat burner, but the overall research is mixed. It is well-known that insomnia often occurs in the setting of various social stressors (e.g., personal loss, social disruption), mental and physical health problems (e.g., heart disease, depression) and in those with a family history of the condition (see Risk Factors for Insomnia ). Drugs Exp Clin Res 1995;21(4):157-159. The highest concentrations are in high energy demand areas such as your brain, heart and muscles. View abstract. A. Ann.Nutr.Metab 2008;53(2):91-95. View abstract. However, on account of strict homeostatic regulation of plasma L-carnitine concentrations, higher doses of L-carnitine supplementation may not provide additional therapeutic benefits. Ferrari R, Cucchini F, Dilisa F, and et al. Am J Cardiol 1994;74:125-30. Spiering, B. 2006;114(1):1-7. View abstract. Efficacy of L-propionylcarnitine treatment in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. View abstract. Do You Need to Be Wary of L-Carnitine Supplement Side Effects? The effect of L-carnitine (carnitene) on myocardial metabolism of patients with coronary artery disease. View abstract. The effect of carnitine in patients using artificial pacemakers. Rathod, R., Baig, M. S., Khandelwal, P. N., Kulkarni, S. G., Gade, P. R., and Siddiqui, S. Results of a single blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial to study the effect of intravenous L-carnitine supplementation on health-related quality of life in Indian patients on maintenance hemodialysis. The effect of preoperative L-carnitine supplementation on myocardial metabolism during aorto-coronary-bypass surgery. Follow all directions on your medicine label and package. Tamamogullari N, Silig Y, Icagasioglu S, Atalay A. Carnitine deficiency in diabetes mellitus complications. Ciacci C, Peluso G, Iannoni E, et al. Pediatrics 1998;101:E9 (abstract). L-Carnitine may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. Rev.Med.Chil. Drugs.com provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products. (Cruciani et al., 2004). This review describes the mechanism of action, metabolism and pharmacokinetics of l-carnitine. View abstract. 2000;10(5):247-251. Although the cellular mechanism of L-carnitine suggests it could benefit weight loss, its effects if present at all are small. 2007;45(12):932-936. 415-989-2539. View abstract. Shortland, G. J., Walter, J. H., Stroud, C., Fleming, P. J., Speidel, B. D., and Marlow, N. Randomised controlled trial of L-carnitine as a nutritional supplement in preterm infants. Heinonen OJ. Additionally, the risk of deficiency is higher for those with diseases like cirrhosis and kidney disease. View abstract. Bohmer, T., Boen, A., and Hoymork, S. C. Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy, rapidly improved by i.v. Tarighat, Esfanjani A., Mahdavi, R., Ebrahimi, Mameghani M., Talebi, M., Nikniaz, Z., and Safaiyan, A. El Beshlawy, A., Mohtar, G., Abd El, Ghafar E., Abd El Dayem, S. M., El Sayed, M. H., Aly, A. Remington, R., Chan, A., Paskavitz, J., and Shea, T. B. Efficacy of a vitamin/nutriceutical formulation for moderate-stage to later-stage Alzheimer's disease: a placebo-controlled pilot study. Cell Biochem.Funct. Zhonghua Er.Ke.Za Zhi. L-carnitine is the standard biologically active form of carnitine, which is found in your body, foods and most supplements. Cellular stress responses, mitostress and carnitine insufficiencies as critical determinants in aging and neurodegenerative disorders: role of hormesis and vitagenes. JPEN J Parenter.Enteral Nutr 1988;12(1):29-34. J Child Neurol. L-carnitine is an amino acid derivative that transports fatty acids into your cells to be processed for energy. Plochl, E., Sperl, W., Wermuth, B., and Colombo, J. P. [Carnitine deficiency and carnitine therapy in a patient with Rett syndrome]. Li, Z., Chen, G. W., Shang, X. J., Bai, W. J., Han, Y. F., Chen, B., Teng, X. M., Meng, F. H., Zhang, B., Chen, D. N., Liu, J. H., Zheng, X. M., Cao, X. R., Liu, Y., Zhu, X. 2011;31(5):376-377. 2008;29(2):261-266. Circ Rep 2019;1(11):508-516. Neurochem.Res. The Effects of L-Carnitine, Acetyl-L-Carnitine, and Propionyl-L-Carnitine on Body Mass in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. 2007;16 Suppl 1:383-390. Pichard, C., Roulet, M., Rossle, C., Chiolero, R., Schutz, Y., Temler, E., Boumghar, M., Schindler, C., Zurlo, F., Jequier, E., and . Rockstar. Carnitine is a micronutrient derived from amino acids and is found in almost all the cells of your body. Shang R, Sun Z, Li H. Effective dosing of L-carnitine in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. View abstract. When taken by mouth: L-carnitine is likely safe when taken for up to 12 months. We comply with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information. A., and Farok, M. Assessment of puberty in relation to L-carnitine and hormonal replacement therapy in beta-thalassemic patients. View abstract. View abstract. 2007;18(8):533-540. 2009;9:53. Int.J Sport Nutr.Exerc.Metab 2011;21(5):385-397. 2010;5(12):e14433. 1990;71(5):520-528. Brand names: Carnitor, L-Carnitine Do not mix citicoline with levodopa, a medication used to treat Parkinson's disease, without talking to your doctor. Rockstar Energy, an energy drink company, produces Rockstar Zero Carb as well as several other Rockstar flavours. Pehlivanoglu S, Enar R Mutlu H Sert A Ersalni M Yazicioglu N. The effect of L-carnitine on left ventricular function in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with streptokinase. J Nutr.Biochem. Effect de la L-carnitine chez les patients en hemodialyse chronique traite e par erythropoietine recombinante [abstract]. Role of L-carnitine in apnea of prematurity: a randomized, controlled trial. View abstract. Tell each of your healthcare providers about all your medical conditions, allergies, and all medicines you use. Maestri, A., De Pasquale, Ceratti A., Cundari, S., Zanna, C., Cortesi, E., and Crino, L. A pilot study on the effect of acetyl-L-carnitine in paclitaxel- and cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy. The effects of L-carnitine supplementation on lipid concentrations inpatients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. View abstract. It can also cause a "fishy" odor of the urine, breath, and sweat. The eEffects of L-carnitine on echocardiographic changes in patients with β-thalassemia major and intermedia. Ann.Indian Acad.Neurol. A pilot study on aging skeletal muscle mass and function. Effect of l-carnitine supplementation on children and adolescents with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. 2013 Apr;121(4):234-8. Hirose S, Mitsudome A, Yasumoto S, et al. Postgrad Med J 1996;72:45-50. J Dermatol.Sci 2007;48(2):141-144. View abstract. Valproate therapy does not deplete carnitine levels in otherwise healthy children. Cui, G., Xu, W. H., and Wu.G.P. View abstract. View abstract. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1985;23:569-72. Anxiety (feeling nervous and jittery). It's been theorised that L-carnitine could help your body to produce energy by utilising the body's fat stores, allowing you to work out for longer and ultimately aiding in fat loss.